AK-47 (abbreviation Avtomat Kalashnikova 1947, Russia: Автомат Калашникова образца 1947 года) is an assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov, produced by the Russian arms maker IZhMASh, and used by many Eastern Bloc countries during the Cold War. This rifle was adopted and used as a Soviet standard rifle in 1947.When compared to the rifles used during World War II, AK-47 has a smaller size, with a shorter range, using bullets with a smaller 7.62 x 39 mm caliber, and has a selective-fire option. The AK-47 is one of the first assault rifles and is by far the most widely produced assault rifle
Background designIn World War II, Germany created the concept of assault rifles. This concept is based on the experience that modern combat is more prevalent at a short distance of about 100 meters. The power and reach of the bullets at that time turned out to be too large. Thus, the Germans began to develop bullets and submachine guns (many magazen contents and can be full-automatic shot) with bullets that range up to 300 meters. Taking into account the cost of production, this was achieved by shortening a 7.92 x 57 mm Mauser bullet to a size of 33 mm ie 7.92 x 33 mm Kurz (Kurz means short).
The end result, Sturmgewehr 44 (StG44), is not the first rifle to use this concept; previously Italy and the Soviet Union had designed a similar concept. However, Germany was the first to mass-produce their rifles. The Germans used many of their new rifles to confront the Soviets on the Eastern Front. The Soviet experience against Germany influenced Soviet doctrine in the following years.
Under Soviet doctrine, Mikhail Kalashnikov began thinking of the design of his rifle since the hospital, after being wounded in battle at Bryansk. He was informed that a new weapon was being searched, to be used with a 7.62 x 41 mm bullet made by Elisarov and Semin in 1943. But that time, Kalashnikov's design was defeated against Sudayev's design, PPS43. Kalashnikov changed his first design after he studied StG44 Germany in 1946. Because his design was quite impressive, Kalashnikov was chosen to lead a design team.
Design concept
Although similar, Mikhail Kalashnikov denies that the design was made based on the German StG44. AK-47 is more accurately described as a mixture of innovations in previous years. For example, the AK-47 mechanics are more like M1 Garand than German rifles. Double locking lugs, unlocking raceway, and similar American design-like trigger mechanisms.This is a natural thing, given that millions of M1 Garand have been successfully used in all corners of the globe. Although mechanically similar to M1 Garand, the concept of bullets, component layouts, gas systems, and AK-47 assembly methods are clearly similar to StG44.
The AK-47's genius is, that the design is most appropriate for mass production. So the AK-47 managed to combine the benefits of M1 Garand with StG44, and could be produced quickly by the Soviet Union at the time.
The development of the receiverInitially the production of the receiver (the part of the rifle that contains the firing mechanism) encountered many problems. The first production model used a receiver made of metal sheet metal stamping. The problem encountered was the difficulty of welding railing guides and ejectors, which eventually led to a lot of resistance. But this problem did not stop production, as a solution, the metal stamping receiver was replaced with a machined receiver (shaped with a special machine tool). This process is indeed more expensive, but fortunately the necessary tools and workers are already available, previously used for Mosin-Nagant production. Due to these problems, the Soviet Union was able to distribute these rifles extensively in 1956. At the same time, the production of AK-47 precursor rifles, SKS, continued.
After the production problem was successfully completed, in 1959 a new draft was formulated and named AKM (M for modernization-in Russian: Автомат Калашникова Модернизированный). [8] The new model uses a metal stamping receiver and features a muzzle break at the end of the barrel, to reduce the kick. Additionally, a hammer hammer (hammer for bullet hammer) is added to allow the shotgun to shoot well in full-automatic shot options. The new model is lighter than the initial model, about two-thirds the initial weight.The majority of Kalashnikov's rifle production outside Russia, licensed or unlicensed, uses this AKM model, because of the ease of making a stamping receiver. This model is the most widely encountered and produced worldwide. However, almost all Kalashnikov-made rifles commonly called AK-47s, this is a misnomer, because the AK-47s are only rifles that use the earliest three receiver models. The picture on the side shows the difference between an AK-47 Type 2 receiver machined, with a Type 4 AKM stamping receiver, such as a screw rather than a weld, and a small dimple difference over magazen.
FeaturesAK-47 is a simple rifle, not expensive to produce, and easy to clean and maintain. Its durability and
AK-47 rear shots can be adjusted, with the distance setting of the difference of each 100 meters. The front shots can also be set setting elevasinya on the field. And the horizontal setting is set in the armory before it is given to the wearer. The standard shooting setting is set to place a few centimeters above or below the targeted point, at a distance of 250 meters. A "point-blank" setting like this is used so that the shooter does not need to change the settings of the viewfinder at close range. This setting is the same as that used for Mosin-Nagant and SKS, to facilitate transition and training.
Hallways and bullet chambers, as well as gas pistons and interior cylinders of regular AK-47 gas are lined with chrome. This greatly helps extend the life of these tools, as it prevents corrosion and rust. And this is very important, since ammunition in the 20th century often contains a corrosive mercury element, which requires regular cleaning to prevent damage. The chrome plating of the important parts of the rifle is now common in modern weapons.
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